Geopolitics in Southeast Asia has become a dynamic competitive arena where global and regional powers compete for influence. This region is strategically located, being the main trade route connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and has abundant natural resources. Major powers such as the US, China, and Russia are increasing their interests in Southeast Asia, which is pushing countries in the region to navigate the complexities of international relations. China, with its Belt and Road Initiative program, is trying to strengthen infrastructure and economic connections in Southeast Asia. Projects such as the construction of ports in Laos, Myanmar, and Indonesia provide China with strategic access to trade routes and resources. However, China’s presence is often accompanied by concerns about political and economic domination, so countries such as Vietnam and the Philippines are increasing cooperation with the US to maintain sovereignty. Meanwhile, the United States offers alternatives, with programs such as the Indo-Pacific Strategy that emphasize freedom of maritime navigation and support for democracy. In this context, the US plays an active role in conducting military exercises and establishing strategic alliances with its allies. Bilateral relations between the US and countries such as Thailand and Singapore show efforts to counterbalance China’s influence. Another dynamic arises from Russia trying to expand its influence in the region. Through defense cooperation and training, Russia offers an alternative to countries wishing to strengthen their military capacity without dependence on the US or China. For example, defense cooperation between Russia and Vietnam improves Vietnam’s position in facing challenges. ASEAN’s role also cannot be ignored. As a regional organization, ASEAN aims to maintain regional stability and security. However, joint decisions are often hampered by differences in interests between member countries. The diplomatic tactics adopted by ASEAN, such as multilateral dialogue, have attempted to reduce tensions, although the results have not been completely successful. Maritime development activities are also a focus. Coastal countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines are strengthening their maritime capacity to protect marine resources. Tensions in the South China Sea are a sensitive issue, with territorial claims often involving clashing interests between these countries and China. In facing external influences, countries in Southeast Asia must maintain sovereignty and territorial integrity. A balanced approach, utilizing economic and defense cooperation, is key. Countries in the region continue to explore strategies that will allow them to maximize profits while minimizing risks from increasing geopolitical tensions. Strong economic growth in Southeast Asia means that countries in this region remain strategic investment destinations. In this context, economic resilience also influences geopolitical dynamics. Rising foreign investment in infrastructure and technology sectors further increases Southeast Asian countries’ dependence on major powers, complicating their strategic scenario. With its dynamic security architecture and interstate competition, Southeast Asia will continue to be at the center of attention in global geopolitics. Through diplomacy, multilateral cooperation, and capacity strengthening, countries in the region are trying to bring their voices to the international stage. Every step taken will affect stability and prosperity not only for the region but also for the world as a whole.
Geopolitics and Power Games in Southeast Asia
